Wednesday, March 18, 2020
The History of the Mexican Revolution in 1910
The History of the Mexican Revolution in 1910 Mexican and American people should remember the Mexican revolution which took place in 1910. Several years people struggled for their lands, freedom and the opportunity to lead a normal life. Many people had leave their places as Americans and other powerful people just captured what they had.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The History of the Mexican Revolution in 1910-1942 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reading the book The Wind that Swept Mexico: The History of the Mexican Revolution, 1910-1942 by Brenner and Leighton (1984), it is possible to imagine how people struggled and how they suffered. Inequality and injustice supported that revolution. Looking at the time when the events took place, the beginning of the 20th century and the barbaric circumstances which supported the revolution, it is possible to predict that nothing similar may be seen in the modern time. However, the events in the modern world and the countries, which still allow such cases, exist. Columbia is a developing country where the laws are rather co0ntestible and the behavior of some powers remain unsatisfied. However, people are unable to contradict due to low income, poor existence and other factors which impact the situation. It is possible to draw the parallel; between Similar to 1910s Mexico and Colombia’s â€Å"dispossessed†, the events which may be characterized by the illegal having of the lands of population taken away by wealthy landowners with the complicity of the government. Remembering the Mexican revolution, the participants and the simple viewers of the event saw the following, Every home was in a state of siege. Civilians dodging out for food were often caught in crossfires, and their bodies lay in the streets. Women ran on desperate errands carrying flags made of sheets tied to brooms. A million people had become only a battlefield (Brenner, Leighton, 1984, p. 34). Reading such expla nation, it is impossible to imagine that the same things may happen in the civilized world. However, this is exactly what happened in 2000 in Columbia. Molano (2005) in his book The dispossessed: chronicles of the Desterrados of Colombia presents the story of this country when people were deprived of everything they had.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There was neither law nor judges, neither protectors nor those who could even help. Powerful people believed that they could do everything they had, others were sure that they did not have anything and could not sustain. Reading the stories told by a boy named Toà ±ito, one becomes really shocked of how the government of the country may act in such a way. Modern world is based on democracy where people are the hands of the power. Still, Columbia is not such a country. The government there lives under personal rules a nd does all possible to satisfy personal needs. Remembering the Mexican revolution, people say, â€Å"cases involving a foreigner against a Mexican were decided according to the principle that the foreigner must be right†(Brenner, Leighton, 1984, p. 11). The foreigners were the conquerors and this may be considered as one of the approvals of the events. â€Å"Many wars. Here had been a great war in which the Americans – or was it the English? had come down from the north and, aided by the devil†¦ had overrun many lands†(Brenner, Leighton, 1984, p. 18). However, the situation in Columbia was different. Paramilitaries came to the places of simple people to get what they wanted. Molano (2005) writes, â€Å"everybody was inside by eight o’clock. The adults would sit outside talking among themselves until then, because later, the paramilitaries would ride by on their motorcycles and kill whoever was at the street†(p. 73). Therefore, the main d ifference between the Mexican revolution and the Columbian’s dispossessed was the fact that in the first case the foreigners wanted to get something from a poor neighbors, while in the situation with Columbia, the government and wealthy people believed that they do not possess enough and simple poor people should give them what they have. Toà ±ito’s story about his family who were killed is touching. He tells about the representatives of power who wanted to get their house, about his days when he had nothing to eat and to where to leave. As a result, Toà ±ito remain at the street with other boys (Molano, 2005). Osiris’s story is more shocking.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The History of the Mexican Revolution in 1910-1942 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Her husband was shot in front of her and her children. Several years later, her son was killed by police and her daughter disappeared. The more shocking event was the fact that she was accused in the murder and disappearance of her children. These are the methods how police and other governmental structures made people leave their places to give those to powerful and wealthy representatives of the society. Such countries as Mexico and Columbia do not know what democracy is. These people are not sure what they can wait from their government, they are not protected at all. These two war events which took place in Mexico and about 100 years later in Columbia prove the fact that there are people who do want to get everything, that democracy for some people is just the word which means nothing. Of course, powerful people will always get more if they use their power on the personal benefit. However, governments of the same kind should understand that the life under oppression cannot last forever, there always will be people who will want to change everything. Looking at Mexican people, it is impossible to say that they live wealthy lives, however, these people are happy to have their homes, lands and work. Columbian oppression is also finishes. Social and political processes are subjected to different laws. Even if the country leaders do not know them, it does not mean that they are not going to work. Oppressed people are ready for revolution and they will win this revolution some time. Fear for personal life is not that powerful like the fear for the same future for children, for the same future for the further generations. There are many examples in the world history where people are ready to fight to death for the freedom of those who will manage to survive. The examples of the violence (foreigners in Mexico and police in Columbia) almost 100 years ago show that human greed does not have the measures. Having a desire to get more land, powerful structures are ready for murders and other violence acts to make sure that they will be able to get what they want.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Molano (2005) and Brenner Leighton (1984) give the vivid examples of what happened in Columbia and Mexico respectively and these pictures shock. The events and the reasons are similar as the fight for land has always been supported with blood and suffering. Reference List Brenner, A., Leighton, G. R. (1984). The Wind that Swept Mexico: The History of the Mexican Revolution, 1910-1942. Austin: University of Texas Press. Molano, A. (2005). The dispossessed: chronicles of the Desterrados of Colombia. New York: Haymarket Books.
Monday, March 2, 2020
How Fluoride Works to Prevent Tooth Decay
How Fluoride Works to Prevent Tooth Decay Fluoride is the fluorine ion added to toothpaste and dental rinses to help protect your teeth from cavities. While increasing the concentration of systemic fluoride (e.g., through fluoridating drinking water) has not been proven to reduce the incidence of tooth decay, direct contact between fluoride and teeth strengthens and helps remineralize damaged enamel. The Chemistry Behind Dental Health The calcium and phosphate compound which makes up tooth enamel is a modified form of hydroxyapatite, which is susceptible to attack by acids. Bacteria that thrive on the sugars found in the mouth multiply on dental surfaces and produce acids. Mechanical brushing of teeth dislodges these bacteria and rinses them away, but doesnt do anything to address the ongoing damage to enamel from acid exposure. Fortunately, saliva neutralizes these acids and teeth use compounds found in saliva to remineralize the enamel. So, as long as the rate of demineralization and the rate of remineralization remain in balance, teeth remain strong and healthy. When more minerals are lost from teeth than are replaced, dental caries or cavities form. Fluoride helps by interacting with hydroxyapatite to form a stronger compound that is less susceptible to acid attack. Also, fluoride remineralizes damaged enamel (though it cant fix a cavity once one has formed). There is some evidence fluoride may inhibit the growth of bacteria on teeth or limit their capacity for producing acid. Even though you spit out toothpaste and probably rinse your mouth, enough fluoride remains on your teeth and in your saliva to confer protection for a while after brushing your teeth or using a fluoridated rinse.
Friday, February 14, 2020
Rhetorical Situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Rhetorical Situation - Essay Example So, different writers write best in different environments. However, there are some similarities among these writers. They are acquire new ideas for writing. Moreover, they are also good readers of their own work especially when revising. Through these, they shape their writing styles and gain more experience as well. I different writers work best in different environment and time They say all writers write with a thought in mind that somebody will read their work. Experienced writers normally consider audience as one of the most crucial factors when compiling their works. They do this by keeping the audience in their minds and using language and tone accordingly. Inexperienced writers, on the other hand, write as if they do not expect other people to go through their work. When talking of audience, there are two types; an individual whom the writer may or may not know and a group that may include several people whom the writer does not know. The two audiences are particular audience and universal audiences. I say audience is a crucial factor for any writer. This is the motive or aim that a writer always hopes to accomplish through writing. Some of these aims are: amusing people, discovering oneself, conveying information, exploring ideas and evaluating something. However, the primary aim of all writers is to persuade readers. Writers normally begin with one topic and narrow it down. For instance a writer writing about abortion may narrow it down to effects of abortion. This is meant to give the readers more detailed information concerning some parts of the topic. Entering into a conversation is whereby a writer reads about a certain topic, understands the concepts and controversies that relates to that particular topic. The writer then becomes aware of a large communication going on. Therefore, he or she begins to see his or her own place in the conversation. He discovers his own ideas and stance on
Sunday, February 2, 2020
Corporate Governance Disclosure and the Financial Practices Essay
Corporate Governance Disclosure and the Financial Practices - Essay Example Corporate governance and compliance to its prescribed practices has always been a subject of discussion. Adherence to corporate governance practice helps a corporate organization to rationalize risks as well as maximize its business performance at the same time. In the present day aggressive business environment that calls for a firm regulatory setting, compliance to corporate governance norms help organizations to sustain profitability in the long run. This study evaluates the influence of corporate governance disclosure guidelines on the Saudi Arabian companies in general and their annual issuance of financial reports in particular. This research study is motivated by several factors. First, the Board of CMA had issued a guidance of corporate governance for the corporate organizations in Saudi Arabia. Studying the extent of influence of corporate governance on the annual reports of the Saudi listed companies would help in understanding the attributes of companies that act in accord ance with the CMA guidance. Furthermore, the research study would also benefit in identifying the possible issues that explain the dissimilarities in compliance across Saudi Arabian organizations. Secondly, review of literature on the subject of corporate governance reporting reveals that there are not many empirical researches conducted on the business backdrop of emerging nations, such as Saudi Arabia. The rationale of this research study is to emphasise on the aspects that impel the corporate governance norms in Saudi Arabia.
Friday, January 24, 2020
Hamlet’s Self-Perception :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays
Hamlet’s Self-Perception  The way we see ourselves is often reflected in the way we act. Hamlet views himself as different to those young nobles around him such as Fortinbras and Laertes. This reality leads us to believe that over time he has become even more motivated to revenge his father's death, and find out who his true friends are. How can you be honest in a world full of deceit and hate? His seven soliloquies tell us that while the days go by he grows more cunning as he falls deeper into his madness. This fact might have lead Hamlet to believe that suicide is what he really wants for his life's course.    The way we perceive our lives is echoed in the way we comport ourselves in everyday life. Hamlet is a man of visible education and he would rather use his mind over his fist. He is quick to look for an explanation on behalf of the actions of others. Hamlet is not a man to search out blood without a rational justification. When dealing with Laertes and Fortinbras you can vividly see the contrast between the extremes. Once Laertes finds out his father has been unjustly murdered, he swiftly swears revenge without give the situation a second thought in contrast to Hamlet who takes all factors into mind before carrying out a sentence.                                                                        Laertes- How came he dead? I'll not be juggled with. To hell allegiance, vows to the blackest devil, Conscience and grace to the profoundest pit!                                                                                                        (IV;V;129-132) Each man deals with grief in extremely distinct manners, when looking at Laertes in comparison to Hamlet you can swiftly see their great contrast to one another. Hamlet would rather create reason before madness; he is the type to use his brain before his fist. Whereas Laertes is always caught up in his anger that he sees no means to absolve the actions of others.                                                                        Hamlet- When honor is at stake. How stand I then, That have a father killed, a mother stained, Excitements of my reason and my blood, And let all sleep, while to my shame I see The imminent death of twenty thousand men                                                                                                   (IV;IV;56-61)  This reality leads us to believe that over time he has become even more motivated to revenge his father's death, and find out who his true friends are.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Power as Exercised in Totalitarian Regimes of the Stalinist Era
Mao Zedong, founder of the People’s Republic of China, once said that â€Å"Every communist must grasp the truth: political power grows out of the barrel of a gun. †Zedong’s metaphor accurately characterizes the oppressive nature of the Communist regime of the Stalinist era. Such totalitarian systems maintain control over its citizens through the exercise of coercion, reward systems, mass media, and propaganda. This kind of totalitarian government sought to deprive its citizens of individual rights and integrate them into the system as parts of the Stalinist machine. In One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, Alexander Solzhenitsyn illustrates how the Stalinist labor camps, or gulags, utilized various modes of surveillance, the constant dehumanization of political prisoners, manipulative reward systems, and frequent brutality and force to maintain control over prisoners and uphold the ideology of Stalinism. Another perspective of the Stalinist power structure is offered in Andrezej Wajda’s controversial film, Man of Marble in which a young filmmaker tries to uncover the truth about a former national icon, Birkut, who fell to obscurity and encounters frequent resistance in her attempts to do so. This film illustrates how the Stalinist government manipulated the media and censored controversial literature, film, and artwork to portray false government success and brainwash its citizens into obeying the repressive regime. This paper will analyze the different mechanisms of power employed by the Stalinist totalitarian regimes depicted in Solzhenitsyn’s novel and Man of Marble and will further evaluate how the study of power in specific historical situations enables historians to determine the motivations of those in power and the effectiveness of certain power structures to achieve its goals and provide for its citizens. In Solzhenitsyn’s One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, the labor camps are depicted as a microcosm for the totalitarian state in existence. Gulags became the Soviet government’s method of transforming individuals under its control into obedient workers existing simply to physically construct the Soviet state and strengthen the economy while embodying the ideology of the Stalinist system. The prisoners were forced to work in severe weather conditions, consume very little food, wear very little clothing, and were encouraged to spy on one another to improve their individual situations. The majority of the prisoners in the cap are helpless victims who should not even be imprisoned; the Soviet authorities have unjustly punished them for they provide free labor. At the camp, many of the officials delight in treating the prisoners with excessive cruelty. The Captain is sentenced to ten days of solitary confinement because he has worn an unauthorized jersey under his uniform in order to stay warm. They also think nothing of stealing part of the meager rations of the prisoners so that they can have more for themselves. The prisoners cannot receive adequate medical care for the rule of the hospital is to admit only two people a day no matter how many may be sick. Consider for example, the exchange between Buynovsky, who jokingly announces the Soviet decree, and Shukhov which shows the absurd pompousness of the Soviet government: â€Å"Since then it’s been decreed that the sun is highest at one o’clock,†Shukhov replies, â€Å"Who said that? †and Buynovsky replies â€Å"The Soviet government. †() For the characters laws are both unavoidable and arbitrary. The Soviet people have little to say in their government and they do what it tells them to do. Buynovsky’s joke reveals the Soviet regime’s delusion of grandeur. Shukhov’s forced false confession to being a traitor to his country also exemplifies the way in which the Soviet government tailors the truth to fits its needs. The Soviet regime imagines itself stronger than not only the sun but also reality itself. Furthermore, Volkovoy’s differing responses to Buynovsky’s charges exemplify the hypocrisy in which the entire Stalinist state thrives. He ignores Buynovsky’s assertion that strip searching in subzero temperatures outdoors violates an article of the Soviet Criminal Code, showing his lack of concern for right and wrong. He is altogether indifferent to others’ opinions of state-sponsored actions. Yet when Buynovsky goes a step further and accuses Volkovoy of being a bad Soviet citizen, Volkovoy becomes violently indignant. He knowingly violates Soviet law and is thus, in a way, a bad Soviet citizen, but he is unwilling to admit as much. He cares much more about making himself look good than making his country look good. Though he disrespects his country’s laws with his action, he wants, hypocritically, to be seen as an ideal Soviet citizen. The labor camp also attacks its prisoners spiritually. By replacing their names with a combination of letters and numbers, the camp erased all traces of individuality. For example, the camp guards refer to Shukhov as â€Å"Shcha-854. †This elimination of names represents the bureaucratic destruction of individual personalities. In Man of Marble, Andrezej Wajda attempts to expose how propaganda, through national icons, was used to present a false impression of Polish success and how these national icons were removed and fell to obscurity when they offered the slightest hint of discontentment with the norm. The film begins by showing propaganda films that praise Birkut as a devout worker who slaves away at brick laying for the officials. Then, Agniezka proceeds to interview the director, who was hired by the government. He tells her about the reality of making the film such as how Birkut was given more food and water unlike the other bricklayers. This is an example of reward power in which the government manipulated Birkut, elevated him to the status of national icon, and gave him additional food and water to ensure that he would continue to work hard for them thereby sustaining that glorified worker’s image common to the Stalinist ideology. Wajda uses these two scenes to deconstruct the false imagery that propaganda gives to its viewers. He illustrates how officials manipulate these kinds of situations to their own political good. The character of Agniezka, the young filmmaker, resists this form of government manipulation of film and art by embarking on an endeavor to uncover the truth about a once great Polish national icon that fell into obscurity, Birkut. She encounters frequent resistance from others regarding the subject matter of her film but despite the controversy, she continues her work and unleashes the truth about Stalinism. Moreover, Birkut is fundamentally erased from memory because he refused to change with the existing political system that was overwhelmed with corruption, manipulation, and exploitation. Birkut spoke against that system and essentially the Stalinist government of Poland at this time, erased aspects of the nation’s collective memory in order to control its citizens. This kind of erasure from memory appeared to be the standard penalty for those who refused to conform. Consider the scene in which Birkut is trying to defend Witek who has been accused of treason. The bureaucrat informs Birkut to â€Å"don’t try to take things into your own hands. Leave it to us. Trust the people’s Justice. †This statement reveals how the government attempted to integrate its citizens to fully that their existence became that of automatic obedience, the trust in the Soviet regime would be so solidified that there would surely be little resistance or defiance and the utter submission to their power. At a union meeting where Birkut again tries to address the question of Witek, he shouts that a horrid injustice has been committed. Trade union officials then turn off his microphone and a chorus begins: â€Å"Socialism will prevail by force of example, onward stout workers! †This line is quite possibly the most important in the film for it exemplifies how the Soviet regime would glorify workers like Birkut and broadcast his intense labor and a glorified image of him through the mass media to encourage citizens to abide by the socialist ideology. However, later on as the film reveals, Birkut becomes demoralized and turns to drinking. His life is now in ruins. Birkut originally came to prominence for supposedly breaking the single shift brick-laying record. However, the newsreel director who recorded the event confides to Agnieszka how he manipulated and outright fabricated aspects of the episode for propaganda purposes. Yet poor guileless Birkut originally accepts everything he is told at face value. As a result, when he falls out of favor with the Party for championing workers’ rights, it is wrenchingly difficult for him to adjust to life when essentially persona non grata. There mere difficulty that Agniezka experiences in her quest to finish her film exemplifies how the government employs censorship to hide the truth. The propaganda newsreel claiming to chart Birkut’s life only demonstrates the parading of his image, as he acts out the role of labor hero, admires his marble stature, and the endless posters, which produce his form, and appears before the public as a crowd-pleasing vision of physical glamour. The proliferation and repetition of images of the idealized citizen were designed to eclipse any suggestion that the state may have no other basis for authority other than the manipulation of these icons. The power of the state to appear to dissolve the individual into the mass is disturbingly echoed twenty years later in exchanges between Agonies and two women who belonged to the generation of the 1950’s: the television editor tells Agniezka that, â€Å"I’ve selected everything to do with Birkut†¦although the rest is pretty much the same†, while Agonies, attempting to divert suspicion as to why she is particularly interested in Birkut’s statue in the museum when, as the museum guide points out, there are so many others like it, says, â€Å"I like this one†¦although it’s all the same. Implicit in this proliferation of idealized effigies of model citizens and leaders is the constant presence of state ideology. The collective memory that she unearths crumbles the seamless portrait of Birkut though revealing the painful, lived-through process of molding his image, which the opening newsreel only parades as a finished product. In flashbacks, Birkut is shown to be force-fed for weeks before the event, shaved, and groomed, when to smile, and carefully directed by Burski who ironically tells him to act more like a worker, and quickly turns his camera away when Birkut collapses, bleeding from the hands, upon completion of the task. Agniezka’s investigation of the manipulation of Witek and Birkut is synonymous with the excavation of the very foundations of the communist system itself, which claimed popular support upon the basis of the patronage of the worker. Her disinterment of the hidden infrastructure of totalitarian power reveals its construction on baseless myths and rituals. â€Å"Better to growl and submit. If you were stubborn, they broke you. †(41) This quote exemplifies how the Stalinist regime used brutality and force to ensure obedience. Throughout history, individuals and groups have exercised various forms of power in order to control others and their surroundings. It is important to analyze how power is exercised, constituted, and contested in specific historical situations because the world will learn how to use power to produce the greatest results in a given situation. In a totalitarian regime as those depicted in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich and Man of Marble, the individual operates as part of a social machine on the principle of automatic obedience. This is the highest level of the institution of power, the creation of an efficient mechanism in which individuals act predictably on the principle of utter submission. The oppressive nature of the Stalinist regimes depicted in the aforementioned novel and film illustrate how the coercive power employed by the system was most ineffective because it builds resentment and resistance from the people who experience it. â€Å"He was a newcomer. He was unused to the hard life of the zeks. Though he didn't know it, moments like this were particularly important to him, for they were transforming him from an eager, confident naval officer with a ringing voice into an inert, though wary, zek. And only in that inertness lay the chance of surviving the twenty-five years of imprisonment he'd been sentenced to. †(65) This quotation exemplifies how the gulag transformed once proud individuals with fulfilling lives into components of the Stalinist machine and illustrates how the basic need to survive was motivation enough for the prisoners to obey those in power. A man that at was formerly a distinguished Naval officer was now being integrated into the masses and stripped of his individuality and identity to join the Soviet’s source of free labor. The passage suggests that by submitting to the hopeless status of a zed without resistance, one would almost surely survive the brutality of the camp. Works Cited Man of Marble. Dir. Andrezej Wajda. Poland 1977 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander . One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. New York : Farrar, Straus, and Giroux Inc, 1991. The Definition of Totalitarian. www. dictionary. reference. com/browse/totalitarian
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Market Communities The Social Life Of ( Not ) - 1420 Words
MARKET COMMUNITIES: THE SOCIAL LIFE OF (NOT SO) FICTITIOUS COMMODITIES Economic survival through competition in labor marketplaces pits jornaleros against one another, undermining yet not destroying other sources of solidarity. Market competition is the first mechanism in the production of individualized subjects under conditions that otherwise suggest collective solidarity. To the extent that livelihood depends upon a competition, a community of jornaleros becomes impossible. Yet, to the extent that labor is a â€Å"fictitious commodity†(Polanyi 2001), day laborers fulfill in this market-place a number of necessities that make their precarious lives tolerable and even enjoyable. Hanging Out Together, Surviving on your own. Vicente, a former union leader in his country of origin, never opens his mouth at the center. A socialist minded, mild-mannered and qualified truck mechanic, he became unable to perform his trade after a severe injury in his lower back. Although he had a chance to recover his job after recuperating from his surgery, he became unable to lift heavy weights. He thus was fired soon after. Vicente is currently in his late fifties and lives in a shelter with no realistic hope to improve his situation in the U.S. He could go back to his country, where his wife has a job and a house, but a deep shame of returning home with nothing prevents him from making that decision. In the hallway outside the center, he reflects on the failure of day labor organization, spellingShow MoreRelatedSocial Groups of the Upper and Lower Classes of Hanoi Essay1634 Words  | 7 Pages Introduction: In the essay the discussion will be based on the social groups of the upper class and the lower class in the city of Hanoi in Vietnam and how the social groups have different meanings and values to the urban places.in the last thirty years Hanoi has developed from one of the poorest county in Asia and is now thriving amongst the richest countries and the population has grown dramatically ‘overnight expansion of the city’s population from approximately 3.5 to 6.23 million inhabitants’Read MoreAnalysis Of Ford s Value Chain Essay932 Words  | 4 Pagesâ€Å"materiality analysis†(Corporateford.com., 2014, October 5). 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